Sistem Pakar Diagnosis Penyakit Gigi dan Mulut Menggunakan Metode Hybrid Certainty Factor dan k-Nearest Neighbors

Herdiesel Santoso

doi:10.61805/fahma.v24i3.213

Authors

Herdiesel Santoso Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61805/fahma.v24i3.213

Keywords:

Sistem Pakar, Certainty Factor, k-Nearest Neighbors, Hybrid, Diagnosis Penyakit Gigi dan Mulut singkat

Abstract

Dental and oral diseases are common health problems that require accurate diagnosis for appropriate treatment. Limited access to healthcare professionals highlights the need for a decision-support system that can assist in early diagnosis. This study aims to develop an expert system for diagnosing dental and oral diseases using a hybrid Certainty Factor (CF) and k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) method. CF is used to represent expert knowledge through rules with confidence values, while k-NN classifies diseases based on the similarity of case data. The dataset was constructed from dental and oral disease symptoms represented as binary data. System performance was evaluated using a confusion matrix, precision, recall, F1-score, and k-fold cross-validation. The results show that the hybrid method achieved an accuracy of 88%, outperforming CF at 78% and k-NN at 82%. The evaluation also indicates that the hybrid method provides more stable performance and improves diagnostic quality. Therefore, the developed expert system can provide more accurate diagnostic results and serve as a supporting tool for the early detection of dental and oral diseases.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

A. Gunawan and F. Islami, “Implementing the Certainty Factor Method in a Dental Disease Expert System,” MEDINFTech, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 27–32, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.37034/medinftech.v2i2.33.

I. Hatzilygeroudis, K. Dimitropoulos, K. Kovas, and J. A. Theodorou, “Expert Systems for Farmed Fish Disease Diagnosis : An Overview and a Proposal,” J. Mar. Sci. Eng., vol. 11, no. 1084, pp. 1–18, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11051084.

E. M. Mustafa, M. M. Saad, and L. W. Rizkallah, “Building An Enhanced Case Based Reasoning And Rule Based Systems For Medical Diagnosis,” J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 70, no. 139, pp. 1–12, 2023, doi: 10.1186/s44147-023-00315-4.

A. I. Zalukhu, S. Irwan Syahputra, Z. Sitorus, and Khairul, “Penerapan Metode Certainty Factor Pada Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Penyakit Gigi Dan Mulut,” Bull. Inf. Technol., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 544–553, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.47065/bit.v4i4.1102.

A. N. Nur’afifah, A. P. Sari, and A. L. Nurlaili, “Optimization of Certainty Factor in Cat Disease Diagnosis Using Particle Swarm Optimization,” Bit-Tech (Binary Digit. - Technol., vol. 8, no. 1, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.32877/bt.v8i1.2484.

A. M. A. K. Parewe, Mursalim, T. S. Putri, and Hermawati, “Application of Case Based Reasoning Using The K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm in an Expert System for Diagnosing Pests and Diseases of Sugarcane Plants,” Knowbase Int. J. Knowl. Database, vol. 02, no. 02, pp. 181–189, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.30983/knowbase.v2i2.5959.

N. P. Rhomadona and Luqman, “Comparative Analysis of Expert System Methods for Early Diagnosis of Online Game Addiction : A Systematic Review,” J. E-Komtek, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 555–562, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.37339/e-komtek.v9i2.2699.

Z. Hulwani, E. Sediyono, and B. Surarso, “Kombinasi Modified K-Nearest Neighbor dan Certainty Factor untuk Peningkatan Akurasi Diagnosis Malnutrisi,” J. Sist. Inf. Bisnis, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 289–301, 2024, doi: 10.21456/vol14iss3pp289-301.

M. A. V. Ideal and T. N. Putra, “Intelligent System For Monkeypox Disease Diagnosis Using Hybrid Certainty Factor And Fuzzy Logic Methods,” J. INOVTEK POLBENG, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 131–141, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.35314/h13m0k54.

T. Nunsina and Z. Situmorang, “Analysis Optimization K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm with Certainty Factor in Determining Student Career,” Int. Conf. Mech. Electron. Comput. Ind. Technol. Anal., pp. 305–309, 2020.

S. Wahyuni, “Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Penyakit Kulit Pada Manusia Menggunakan Metode Hybrid,” J. Sains Inform. Terap., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 25–30, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.62357/jsit.v2i1.177.

N. Hasan, G. J. Yanris, and E. R. Hasibuan, “A Mobile-based Expert System for Disease Diagnosis Child Using Best-First Search Algorithm,” Sink. J. dan Penelit. Tek. Inform., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 701–707, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v7i2.11426.

I. Azmi, G. Gunawan, and S. Anandianskha, “Application Of Expert System Using Certainty Factor Method To Identify Diseases In Rice Plants,” J. Mandiri IT, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 200–207, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.35335/mandiri.v12i4.280.

A. Mulyani, D. Kurniadi, and S. I. Multajam, “Application of Certainty Factor Method In Diphtheria Diagnosis Expert System Web-Based,” TEKNIKA, vol. 12, no. November, pp. 205–211, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.34148/teknika.v12i3.686.

A. I. Zalukhu, I. Syahputra, M. Iqbal, and R. F. Wijaya, “Analisis Metode Certainty Factor Pada Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Kerusakan Sepeda Motor,” Bull. Inf. Technol., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 0–8, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.47065/bit.v4i4.1083.

M. H. Maqsood, M. Sajid, K. Ahmed, M. U. Shahid, and M. Farooq, “A Hybrid AI and Rule-Based Decision Support System for Disease Diagnosis and Management Using Labs.” 2026. doi: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.14876.

P. Syifa, Safwandi, and Z. Fitri, “Sistem Pakar Diagnosis Penyakit Paru Menggunakan Metode Convolutional Neural Network Dan Rule Based System,” RABIT J. Teknol. dan Sist. Inf. Univrab, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1380–1392, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.36341/rabit.v10i2.6548.